Imbue 2000mg CBD Tincture of Full Spectrum Hemp Extract for Horses

Yes, Vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) serve as delivery vehicles for nicotine and flavorings in most e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids. Here, we investigated whether VG e-cig aerosols, in the absence of nicotine and flavors, impact parameters of mucociliary function in human volunteers, a large animal model (sheep), and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). We found that VG-containing (VG or PG/VG), but not sole PG-containing, e-cig aerosols reduced the activity of nasal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human volunteers who vaped for seven days. Markers of inflammation, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) mRNAs, as well as MMP-9 activity and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression levels, were also elevated in nasal samples from volunteers who vaped VG-containing e-liquids. In sheep, exposures to VG e-cig aerosols for five days increased mucus concentrations and MMP-9 activity in tracheal secretions and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1).In vitroexposure of HBECs to VG e-cig aerosols for five days decreased ciliary beating and increased mucus concentrations. VG e-cig aerosols also reduced CFTR function in HBECs, mechanistically by reducing membrane fluidity. Although VG e-cig aerosols did not increase MMP9 mRNA expression, expression levels of IL6, IL8, TGFB1, and MUC5AC mRNAs were significantly increased in HBECs after seven days of exposure. Thus, VG e-cig aerosols can potentially cause harm in the airway by inducing inflammation and ion channel dysfunction with consequent mucus hyper concentration. (1)

(1) Vegetable Glycerin: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9549247/

Yes, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral cannabidiol (CBD) administration in addition to a conventional analgesic protocol on the clinical signs of 20 horses with mild joint osteoarthritis. The horses were randomly assigned to either the control group (C group) or the cannabidiol group (CBD group). Both groups were treated with phenylbutazone for 5 days. The CBD group received 0.03 mg/kg cannabidiol in hemp oil orally once daily for 14 days in addition to phenylbutazone treatment. All subjects were monitored for clinical parameters, oxidative status and blood counts. Pain and quality of life were also assessed using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS). The CBD group showed a significant reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, white blood cell count and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation). A significant reduction in HCPS scores was seen in both groups. Lower scores were recorded in the CBD group (3 med; range: 2/4) than in the C group (7 med; range: 4/10). The addition of a cannabidiol-based product to an analgesic protocol was well tolerated and showed positive effects on the treated subjects, improving their quality of life and pain relief. (2)

(2) Calming for Horses: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10876772/

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid abundant inCannabis sativa, has gained considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits the potential to prevent or slow the progression of various diseases, ranging from malignant tumors and viral infections to neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and viral hepatitis stand as prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic liver diseases globally. (3)

(3) Sublingual CBD: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10888697/

Based on the review conducted, there is sufficient clinical and preclinical evidence of CBD in pain treatment, so CBD could be an effective and safe treatment in reducing pain due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects appear to be primarily mediated by the activation of TRPV-1, 5HT-1A, and CB1, with emerging therapeutic relevance in the management of osteoarthritis and chronic pain. (4 )

(4) Cannabidiol (CBD): A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence in the Treatment of Pain: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11597428/

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid extracted from the cannabis plant that is used for medicinal purposes. Ingestion of CBD is claimed to address several pathologies, including gastrointestinal disorders, although limited evidence has been generated thus far to substantiate many of its health claims. Nevertheless, CBD usage as an over-the-counter treatment for gastrointestinal disorders is likely to expand in response to increasing commercial availability, permissive legal status, and acceptance by consumers. This systematic review critically evaluates the knowledge boundaries of the published research on CBD, intestinal motility, and intestinal motility disorders. Research on CBD and intestinal motility is currently limited but does support the safety and efficacy of CBD for several therapeutic applications, including seizure disorders, inflammatory responses, and upper gastrointestinal dysfunction (i.e., nausea and vomiting). CBD, therefore, may have therapeutic potential for addressing functional gastrointestinal disorders. The results of this review show promising in vitro and preclinical data supporting a role of CBD in intestinal motility. This includes improved gastrointestinal-related outcomes in murine models of colitis. These studies, however, vary by dose, delivery method, and CBD-extract composition. Clinical trials have yet to find a conclusive benefit of CBD on intestinal motility disorders, but these trials have been limited in scope. In addition, critical factors such as CBD dosing parameters have not yet been established. Further research will establish the efficacy of CBD in applications to address intestinal motility. (5)

(5) CBD and Gut Health: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10541995/

Cannabidiol, better known as simply CBD, is one of the non-psychoactive compounds found in hemp. Its supplementation to horses is gaining in popularity as a potential alternative to conventional pharmaceutical treatments for a variety of conditions such as arthritis and anxiety. Despite potential advantages of CBD supplementation, it may have a negative impact on equine health and performance. More scientific research is needed to form recommendations for its use in horses; therefore, this study was designed to investigate supplementation of CBD oil over 28 days in 30 horses. Targeted levels of supplementation were to provide three levels for comparison (0.0 mg/kg, 0.75 mg/kg, or 1.50 mg/kg); however, the supplements collected during the study were analyzed to be substantially lower than targeted levels when tested at a verified testing facility (0.12 mg/kg and 0.13 mg/kg). At this level of supplementation, CBD oil was well-accepted, CBD was not detectible in blood samples, and blood chemistry parameters to assess liver and kidney function were not adversely affected as a result of supplementation. However, more research is needed to describe the discrepancy between formulated levels compared to tested levels of CBD supplements, in order to make recommendations for its application in the horse industry. (6)

(6) CBD for Horses in Competition: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9854761/