Imbue k9comfort plus 250mg CBD Tincture of Full Spectrum Hemp

Yes, Vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) serve as delivery vehicles for nicotine and flavorings in most e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids. Here, we investigated whether VG e-cig aerosols, in the absence of nicotine and flavors, impact parameters of mucociliary function in human volunteers, a large animal model (sheep), and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). We found that VG-containing (VG or PG/VG), but not sole PG-containing, e-cig aerosols reduced the activity of nasal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in human volunteers who vaped for seven days. Markers of inflammation, including interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) mRNAs, as well as MMP-9 activity and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression levels, were also elevated in nasal samples from volunteers who vaped VG-containing e-liquids. In sheep, exposures to VG e-cig aerosols for five days increased mucus concentrations and MMP-9 activity in tracheal secretions and plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1).In vitroexposure of HBECs to VG e-cig aerosols for five days decreased ciliary beating and increased mucus concentrations. VG e-cig aerosols also reduced CFTR function in HBECs, mechanistically by reducing membrane fluidity. Although VG e-cig aerosols did not increase MMP9 mRNA expression, expression levels of IL6, IL8, TGFB1, and MUC5AC mRNAs were significantly increased in HBECs after seven days of exposure. Thus, VG e-cig aerosols can potentially cause harm in the airway by inducing inflammation and ion channel dysfunction with consequent mucus hyper concentration. (1)

(1) Vegetable Glycerin: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9549247/

Considerable evidence demonstrates that manipulation of the Endocannabinoid system regulates nausea and vomiting in humans and other animals. The anti-emetic effect of cannabinoids has been shown across a wide variety of animals that are capable of vomiting in response to a toxic challenge. CB1agonism suppresses vomiting, which is reversed by CB1antagonism, and CB1inverse agonism promotes vomiting. Recently, evidence from animal experiments suggests that cannabinoids may be especially useful in treating the more difficult to control symptoms of nausea and anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy patients, which are less well controlled by the currently available conventional pharmaceutical agents. (2)

(2) CBD Tinctures and Nausea: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3165951/

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid abundant inCannabis sativa, has gained considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits the potential to prevent or slow the progression of various diseases, ranging from malignant tumors and viral infections to neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and viral hepatitis stand as prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic liver diseases globally. (3)

(3) Sublingual CBD: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10888697/

The anxiolytic effects of CBD observed in animals have provided insight and guided human research. The initial clinical studies examining the effects of CBD on anxiety were performed in the 1980s, when it was demonstrated that CBD could attenuate the anxiogenic and psychoactive effects of THC in healthy volunteers.Since then, studies in healthy volunteers and individuals with SAD provide early evidence that CBD may have anxiolytic effects in humans. The Simulation Public Speaking Test has been used to examine the effects of CBD on anxiety in clinical studies. In both healthy volunteers and individuals diagnosed with SAD, it was found that in comparison with the placebo group, a 400 or 600 mg single dose of CBD significantly reduced subjective symptoms of anxiety and decreased cognitive impairment and speech performance discomfort. Neuroimaging studies of acute administration of CBD have demonstrated modified blood flow in specific brain structures associated with anxiety, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex.n addition, retrospective studies have found CBD to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders and PTSD. These studies examined varying doses (e.g., 25–75 mg/day) and preparations (e.g., oral, sublingual spray) of CBD across different patient populations and in combination with other forms of pharmacological and psychotherapies, although findings from such retrospective studies provide limited data due to small sample sizes and lack proper controls.

Three ongoing clinical trials are currently investigating the effects of CBD as a potential treatment for anxiety disorders. Van der Flier et al are examining the effects of a weekly dose of 300 mg of CBD administered orally for 8 weeks, in individuals with phobic disorders. An ongoing phase 3 clinical trial is exploring the use of 200 mg ranging up to 800 mg of CBD administered in oil capsules, for the treatment of GAD, SAD, panic disorder, and agoraphobia.Finally, an open label phase 2 clinical trial is currently examining the effects of a sublingual, 1.0 mg CBD tincture (10 mg/mL of CBD) three times a day for 4 weeks, in patients with an anxiety disorder diagnosis.These studies are of great importance because the majority of studies assessing the effects of CBD on anxiety were conducted in healthy volunteers, and the clinical trials involving patients with SAD used small sample sizes, did not include placebo controls and did not establish a dose–response relationship between CBD plasma levels and anxiety symptom measurements. In addition, future clinical trials are warranted to examine the effects of CBD on other anxiety disorders, including GAD, panic disorder, and phobic disorder, as well as anxiety-related conditions, such as PTSD and OCD. (2)

(2) CBD Anxiety: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7480724/

Cannabidiol (CBD) containing dog food and treats are widely commercially available, mirroring the growing popularity of CBD as a supplement for humans. Despite this, experimental evidence of the safety and efficacy of long-term oral exposure in dogs is lacking. The purpose of this study was to address the gap in knowledge around the longer-term suitability and tolerance of a broad-spectrum CBD (THC-free) distillate in clinically healthy dogs. (5)

(5) CBD for Dogs: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9533147/

Two hours after sublingual administration of 5 mg Delta-9-THC, the IOP was significantly lower than after placebo (23.5 mm Hg vs. 27.3 mm Hg, P=0.026). The IOP returned to baseline level after the 4-hour IOP measurement. CBD administration did not reduce the IOP at any time. However, the higher dose of CBD (40 mg) produced a transient elevation of IOP at 4 hours after administration, from 23.2 to 25.9 mm Hg (P=0.028). Vital signs and visual acuity were not significantly changed. One patient experienced a transient and mild paniclike reaction after Delta-9-THC administration. (6)

(6) Sublingual CBD Absorption: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16988594/